Does England Have More Christians Churches Than Muslims Mosques

.is the second largest religion in the, with results from the giving the UK population in 2011 as 2,516,000, 4.4% of the total population. The vast majority of Muslims in the United Kingdom live in: 2,660,116 (5.02% of the population).

London Central Mosque in this undated file photo. (Photo: Reuters) An international think tank warned in a report that multiculturalism is feeding radical Islam in the U.K., pointing out that in the past couple of decades close to 500 Christian churches have closed in London alone while 423 mosques were built.

76,737 Muslims live in (1.45%), 45,950 in (1.50%). London has the greatest population of Muslims in the country. The majority of Muslims in United Kingdom adhere to, while smaller numbers are associated with.During the, there was some general cultural exchange between and the, however, there were no Muslims in the (a few did convert in the East, such as ).

During the contacts became more explicit as the made alliances against Catholic, including with and the. As the grew, particularly in, Britain came to rule territories with many Muslim inhabitants; some of these, known as the are known to have settled in Britain from the mid-18th century onwards.

In the 19th century, Victorian spurred an interest in Islam and some British people, including aristocrats, converted., an English writer and novelist, and a convert to Islam, provided the first complete English language translation of the by a British-born Muslim, in 1930.Under the, a significant number of Muslims fought for the United Kingdom during the and the (a were awarded the, Britain\'s highest honour). In the decades following the latter conflict and the in 1947, many Muslims (from what is today, and ) settled in Britain itself. To this day British Asians constitute the majority of Muslims in Britain in terms of ethnicity, although there are significant, and communities, as well as up to 100,000 native British converts (i.e., and people). Islam is the fastest growing religion in the United Kingdom and its adherents have the lowest average age out of all the major religious groups. Between 2001 and 2009, the Muslim population increased almost 10 times faster than the non-Muslim population.

Main articles: andThe earliest evidence of Islamic influence in England dates to the 8th century, when, the king of, minted a coin with an Islamic inscription, largely a copy of coins issued by a contemporary Muslim ruler,. In the 16th century, Muslims from, the and were present in, working in a range of roles, from diplomats and translators to merchants and musicians. See for more information on Muslims in England prior to the United Kingdom\'s founding in 1707.Interactions under British Empire. Of the,.(now and ), an affluent province of with a Muslim majority and Hindu minority, was conquered by the British at the in 1757. The wealth of Bengal directly contributed to the in Britain, with the capital amassed from Bengal used to invest in British industries such as and greatly increase British wealth.

With the establishment of, the ruled over a large Muslim population.In South Asia, specifically, the British ruled over one of the largest Muslim populations in the world. Upon coming into contact with such a population, the British Empire forged a uniquely Muslim identity for the local believers. This was, in part, due to the way the British periodized South Asian history into an “ancient” Hindu one and a Muslim “medieval”one.

Under the system, the British period was classified as “modern.” Debate rages on concerning the utility and legitimacy of these labels themselves. Problems with these labels range from the connotations coupled with the word ‘medieval’ to the implications related to equating colonization and modernization. The term medieval itself is quite controversial. Historians writing in journals relating to the time period have asked whether the term is a “tyrannous construct” or an “alien conceptual hegemony.” This is because the label was originally developed during the study of European history to mark the period in between the fall of the Roman Empire and the fall of Constantinople.Such classifications done by the British throughout their long rule paved the way for a more cohesive Muslim identity. In the eighteenth century, this seemed unlikely.

Muslims who hailed from Afghan, Turk, Persian, or Arab roots did not find their Muslim identities especially salient. Mughal courts divided not into Hindu or Muslim factions but Persian and Turkish ones. Converts to the religion outside of courtly life, the majority of the Muslim population in the Subcontinent, too were more focused on their regional and lingual cultural identities-whether that be Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi, or, Gujarati.The first group of Muslims to come to the UK in significant numbers, in the 18th century, were (sailors) recruited from the, largely from the Bengal region, to work for the East India Company on British ships, some of whom settled down and took local wives. Due to the majority being lascars, the earliest Muslim communities were found in port towns. Naval cooks also came, many of them from the of the in (now in Bangladesh). One of the most famous early Asian immigrants to England was the entrepreneur, a captain of the East India Company who in 1810 founded London\'s first, the.Between 1803 and 1813, there were more than 10,000 lascars from the Indian subcontinent visiting British port cities and towns. By 1842, 3,000 lascars visited the UK annually, and by 1855, 12,000 lascars were arriving annually in British ports.

In 1873, 3,271 lascars arrived in Britain. Throughout the early 19th century lascars visited Britain at a rate of 1,000 every year, which increased to a rate of 10,000 to 12,000 every year throughout the late 19th century. A prominent English convert of the 18th century was, who became a Muslim in 1862. Although not a convert himself, the Victorian Age adventurer, Sir visited Mecca in disguise, documented in. At the beginning of, there were 51,616 South Asian lascars working on British ships, the majority of whom were of descent. In 1932, the survey of \'all Indians outside India\' (which included modern and Bangladeshi territories) estimated that there were 7,128 Indians living in the United Kingdom.By 1911, the British Empire had a Muslim population of 94 million, larger than the empire\'s 58 million Christian population. By the 1920s, the British Empire included roughly half of the world\'s Muslim population.

More than 400,000 Muslim soldiers of the fought for Britain during, where 62,060 were killed in action. Muslim soldiers of the British Indian Army later fought for Britain against the in, where Muslim soldiers accounted for up to 40% of the 2.5 million troops serving the British Indian Army., from 1916 to 1922, stated: \'we are the greatest power in the world and one-fourth of the population of the British Empire is Mahomedan. There have been no more loyal adherents to the throne and no more effective and loyal supporters of the Empire in its hour of trial.\'

This statement was later reiterated by in 1920. Also stated in 1942: \'We must not on any account break with the Moslems, who represent a hundred million people, and the main army elements on which we must rely for the immediate fighting\'. Authored an English language translation of the Qur\'an in 1930.The in was the first purpose-built mosque, built in 1889. In the same year installed a mosque in a terrace in, which became the.

The first mosque in London was the established in 1924, commonly called the London mosque.Quran translators and, who authored: An Explanatory Translation in 1930, were both trustees of the in and the.Other aristocratic British converts included, and (the first Muslim woman born in Britain to perform the pilgrimage to ).Immigration and post-World War II Muslim to Britain began after, as a result of the destruction and labour shortages caused by the war. Muslim migrants from former British colonies, predominantly, and Bangladesh, were recruited in large numbers by government and businesses to rebuild the country. Large numbers of doctors recruited from India and Pakistan, encouraged by health minister in the early 1960s, also played a key role in the establishment of the health service.Muslims faced discrimination and racism following Enoch Powell\'s and the establishment of the in the late 1960s. This included overt racism in the form of, predominantly from, the National Front, and the, throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Drawing inspiration from the, the movement, and the movement, young and activists began a number of Asian youth movements in the 1970s and 1980s, including the Bradford Youth Movement in 1977, the Bangladeshi Youth Movement following the murder of in 1978, and the following the murder of Akhtar Ali Baig in 1980.The majority of Mosques founded after the Second World War in Britain are reflective of the major strands of Sunni Islam predominating in the Indian Subcontinent; namely and (the latter of which is more -orientated). There are also a smaller number of Sunni Mosques which are in orientation, inspired by and, are representative of the Arab mainstream or are associated with the UK Turkish Islamic Trust. In addition to this there are Mosques.

The founded by (born Ian Dallas) in 1968 is a branch of the Sufi - which was ran out of in the., an English Muslim scholar, published a significant biography of the Prophet Muhammad in 1983 entitled. The publication of \'s novel in 1988 caused. A number of Muslims in Britain condemned the book for. On 2 December 1988, the book was at a demonstration in attended by 7,000 Muslims, followed by a similar demonstration and book-burning in on 14 January 1989. The growing number of Muslims resulted in the establishment of more than 1,500 mosques by 2007. Demographics Muslim population of England and WalesYearPop.±%196150,0,000+352.0%1981553,000+144.7%1991950,000+71.8%20011,600,000+68.4%20112,706,066+69.1%20173,372,996+24.6% The Muslim population of England and Wales has grown consistently since World War II. Sophie Gilliat-Ray attributes the recent growth to \'recent immigration, the growing birth rate, some conversion to Islam\'.

Census YearNumberof MuslimsPopulation ofEngland and WalesMuslim(% of population)RegisteredmosquesMuslimsper mosque16,196,0000.11226,00049,152,0000.99,634,0001.191,099,0001.80011,600,00052,042,0003.00112,706,00056,076,0004.831,50 (estimation)3,373,000–5.17––. The was one of the first in Britain to be allowed to use loudspeakers to broadcast the.Initial limited mosque availability meant that prayers were conducted in small rooms of until the 1980s when more and larger facilities became available. Some synagogues and community buildings were turned into mosques and existing mosques began to expand their buildings. This process has continued down to the present day with the recently expanding into a large former where the London Muslim Centre is now used for prayers, recreational facilities and housing.

Most people regard themselves as part of the, and their identity is based on their religion rather than their. Aspects of a \'Bengali Islam\' are seen as superstition and as un-Islamic.The 2001 census recorded that there were 179,733 Muslims who described themselves as \'white\'. 65% of white Muslims described themselves as \'other white\', and would likely have originated from locations such as, the region of in,. The remainder of white Muslims are converts and mostly identified themselves as White British and White Irish.Islam is the third-largest religious group of British Indian people, after. 8% of UK Muslims are of Indian descentprincipally those whose origins are in,.

Gujarati Muslims from the and districts started to arrive from the 1940s when India was under, settling in the towns of and in Yorkshire and in parts of Lancashire.South Asian Pakistanis. See also:The single largest group of Muslims in the United Kingdom are of. Pakistanis from were one of the first Muslim communities to permanently settle in the United Kingdom, arriving in and in the late 1940s. Immigration from Mirpur grew from the late 1950s, accompanied by immigration from other parts of Pakistan especially from, particularly from the surrounding villages of, and, in addition to from the north-west Punjab including the from, and some from villages of,. There is also a fairly large Punjabi community from East Africa found in London.

People of Pakistani extraction are particularly notable in , , (, and ), /, / and several industrial towns such as, and.Bangladeshis. The British Bangladeshi community in LondonPeople of are the second largest Muslim community (after Pakistanis), 15% of Muslims in England and Wales are of descent, one of the ethnic groups in the UK with the largest proportion of people following a single religion, being 92%.The majority of these Muslims come from the of, mainly concentrated in ( and ),.

The Bangladeshi Muslim community in London forms 24% of the Muslim population, larger than any other ethnic group. Other smaller Bangladeshi Muslim communities are present in, and.There are groups which are active throughout Bangladeshi communities such as The Young Muslim Organisation. It is connected to the, associated with the and the – all of which have connections with the Bangladeshi political party, the. Other groups also attract a few people, the – which calls for the (caliphate) and influences by publishing annual magazines, and lectures through mainly political concepts, and the other which is a movement within is the – who view the teachings of the first generations as the correct one, and appeals to younger Muslims as a way to differentiate themselves towards their elders. Other large groups include another Sunni movement, the – mainly of a Fultoli movement (led by Abdul Latif Chowdhury in Bangladesh), and the – which is a and revival movement, and avoids political attention. All these groups work to stimulate Islamic identity among local Bengalis or Muslims and particularly focus on the younger members of the communities., which is where majority of the British Bangladeshi community hail from, is considered the Spiritual capital of Bangladesh., also known as, arrived to Sylhet with many of his disciples from Yemen to spread Islam to Sylhet and then to the rest of present-day Bangladesh. Shah Jalal was responsible for the against Raja Gour Govinda and hence, many Sylhetis now follow Islam.

Shrines for many of these \'Hazrats\', or Saints, are spread throughout Sylhet. Another famous saint is, who was very close to Shah Jalal. Many mosques opened by the British Bangladeshi community are often named after these Saints. The British Bangladeshi community has held a strong point in Islam, often opening mosques, one of them being the and, as well as opening madrassas, Islamic TV Shows on TV Channels, such as, Quran Contests and Islamic Trivia shows, etc.Gujaratis There are large numbers of Gujarati Muslims in, (including ), and (, and ). Middle Eastern Turks.

In, London.The represent a unique community in the country because they have emigrated not only from the but also from other former regions; in fact, the majority of British Turks are who migrated from the island of from the British colonial period onwards. Turks have also migrated from Arabic-speaking countries (such as, and ) as well as the (including, and ). A report published by the in 2011 claimed that there was 500,000 British Turks, made up of approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals, 300,000, and the remainder from other countries.The first began to migrate to the United Kingdom in 1917. At the time, the had already annexed Cyprus and the residents of Cyprus became subjects of the Crown. Migration continued through the 1920s; during the, the number of Turkish run cafes increased from 20 in 1939 to 200 in 1945 - creating a demand for more Turkish Cypriot workers.

However, due to the, many Turkish Cypriots began to leave the island for political reasons in the 1950s, with the numbers increasing significantly after the. With the subsequent division of the island in 1974 (followed by the declaration of the in 1983) an economic by the Greek Cypriot controlled Republic of Cyprus, caused a further 130,000 Turkish Cypriots to leave the Island for the United Kingdom. In, London.Migrant workers from the began to arrive in large numbers in the 1970s, followed by their family members in the late 1970s and 1980s.

Many of these workers were recruited by Turkish Cypriots who had already established businesses such as restaurants. These workers were required to renew their work permits every year until they became residents after living in the country for five years. By the 1980s, intellectuals, including students, and highly educated professionals arrived in the country, most of which received support from the Turkish Cypriot community. Mainland Turks settled in similar areas of London in which the Turkish Cypriots lived in; however, many have also moved to the outer districts, such as.Turkish-speaking Muslims have also come to Britain from other parts of the former. From Arabic-speaking countries, there are several thousand in, In addition, according to a publication by the, the form one of \'the three main ethnicities\' within the community. According to the Home Affairs Committee report, from the, there is an increasing number of and.In recent years, there has been a growing number of ethnic Turks from the, particular Turks with (i.e. ) or the (i.e.

) citizenship who have also immigrated to Britain in accordance with the freedom of movement under EU law.Academic sources suggest that 50 to 70 percent of people from Turkey are Turkish Kurds. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing number of ethnic Turks with German, or Dutch citizenship immigrating to Britain.The Turkish community have established several mosques in the country. The first was, established by the Turkish Cypriot community in 1977. There are numerous other Turkish Mosques in, mainly in Hackney, including the.

Notable Turkish mosques outside London include Selimiye Mosque in, Hamidiye Mosque in, and Osmaniye Mosque in.Turks from the same districts from their homeland tend to congregate in the same quarters in the UK. The majority live in capital city of, particularly in,. Outside London there are smaller Turkish communities in, and the.Kurds. See also:Aside from North African Arabs, often referred to as (mentioned below), people of Arab origin in Britain are the descendants of Arab immigrants to Britain from a variety of Arab states, including,. Most British Arabs are Sunni Muslim, although some – such as those of Iraqi and Lebanese origin – are Shi\'ite.

A smaller number belong to one of the denominations, such as and or Arabs from the. The main Arab Muslim communities in the UK live in the Greater London area, with smaller numbers living in,. There are also sizable and very long-established communities of Muslim in among other places and the area near.The recorded 32,236 Iraqi-born residents, and the estimates that, as of 2009, this figure had risen to around 65,000. According to estimates by the Iraqi embassy, the Iraqi population in the UK is around 350,000–450,000.

African Maghrebis North African both & from the (English: western) Although data is scarce, Maghrebis make up a substantial community in Europe and the United Kingdom. Britain has far fewer of Maghrebis than France, The Netherlands or Spain, where the majority of Muslims are Maghrebi. Nigerians. Somali women at a Somali community gathering event in LondonThe United Kingdom, with 43,532 in 2001, and an estimated 101,000 in 2008, is home to the largest community in. A 2009 estimate by Somali community organisations puts the Somali population figure at 90,000 residents. The first Somali immigrants were seamen and traders who arrived in small numbers in port cities in the late 19th century, although most Somalis in the UK are recent arrivals.

Further more Somali European such as from Holland or Denmark have been emigrating in recent years. Established Somali communities are found in, and, and newer ones have formed in,. Branches. 11.6%An August 2017 survey by the foundation found that among British Muslims, 75% were Sunni and 8% were Shia.A September 2017 survey by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR) found that among British Muslims, 77% were Sunni, 5% were Shia, 1% were Ahmadiyya, and 4% were members of other denominations.

14% of British Muslims said they didn\'t know or refused to answer the survey.The denominational or theme breakdown of mosques in the UK in 2017 with a sum total of more than 5% were as follows: 41.2% Deobandi, 23.7% Barelvi, 9.4% Salafi, 5.9% Shia (Twelver, Bohra, Ismaili), 7.4%. Sunni In 2015, stated that were 2.3 million Sunnis in the UK.Among British Sunnis in 2017, 66.7% were just non-denominational Sunni, 5.9% were Barelvi, 5.0% were Salafis, 4.1% were Deobandi, and 18.3% adhered to another Sunni Islam denomination.The majority of British mosques are, including,. In 2010 the affiliation of the mosques was: 44.6%, 28.2% and other, 5.8%, 2.8% -inspired; of the remainder many were part of other Sunni traditions or unaffiliated, while 4.2% were (4%).

The majority of mosque managers are of and origin, with many, and fewer, and managed entities. Shia In 2015, stated that were 400,000 Shias in the UK.Shia mosques are usually but also cater for and the 50,000-strong community; they usually include facilities for women.

Various Shia mosques include the Husseini Islamic Centre in Stanmore, Harrow which acts as one of the main Shia Muslim mosques in Britain as well as Masjid-e-Ali in Luton, one of the largest Imam Bargha/community centres in the UK. Others include Al Masjid ul Husseini in Northolt, Ealing, and Imam Khoei Islamic Centre in Queens Park, Brent. Across the country Manchester, Birmingham and London have the most Shia residents.Ahmadiyya. Main article:The Muslim Community (AMC) established itself in the UK in 1912 and is thus the longest standing Muslim community in the UK. The UK and worldwide headquarters of the AMC are currently situated on the grounds of \'The London Mosque\' (Masjid Fazl), London\'s first Mosque (1926), in the Southfields area of South-West London. The AMC also has the largest Muslim youth organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association (Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya) in the UK (membership of 7,500) and the largest Muslim women\'s organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Women\'s Association (Lajna Imaila), in the UK (membership of 10,000).

Associations., the oldest organisation of British Muslims, created in 1889 as the English Islamic Association by.Position in society Poverty and wealth According to analysis based on the 2011 census, Muslims in the United Kingdom face poor standards of housing, poorer levels of education and are more vulnerable to long-term illness, and that Muslims in the UK had the highest rate of unemployment, the poorest health, the most disability and fewest educational qualifications among religious groups. The figures were, to some extent, explained by the fact that Muslims were the least well-established group, having the youngest age profile.Conversely, it was estimated in 2008 that there were approximately 10,000 Muslim millionaires in the UK. There are 13,400 Muslim-owned businesses in London, creating more than 70,000 jobs and representing just over 33 per cent of Small to Medium Enterprises in London. Law and order The proportion of Muslims in the UK prison population rose from 8% in 2002 to 15% in 2016. A 2010 report by the stated that 30% of the Muslim prisoners interviewed had converted to while in prison, some of whom were \'convenience Muslims\' who adopted the religion in order to get benefits available only to Muslims. Education In 2011, 24.0 per cent of British Muslims had degree level qualifications, compared to 27.2 per cent of the population as a whole.

25.6 per cent of Muslims had no qualifications, compared to the national average of 22.7 per cent.In 2006, it was found that approximately 53% of British Muslim youth chose to attend university. This was higher than the figure for Christians (45%) and the non-religious (32%) but lower than for (77%) and (63%).There are around 140 Muslim in the UK, twelve of them being state-funded. In 2008, 86.5% of pupils attending Muslim schools achieved five, compared to a figure of 72.8% of schools and 64.5% of secular schools.In 2016, in was ranked first in the Government\'s new Progress 8 league table, with coming in second place. Some Islamic schools have been accused of promoting extremist versions of Islam.In 2018,the brought its first prosecution in England & Wales against an unregistered school, the Islamic Al-Istiqamah Learning Centre in, London where nearly 60 children aged 5–11 were being taught. Head teacher Beatrix Bernhardt and director Nacerdine Talbi were convicted as running a school not registered with the violates the. They received fines and a. Islamic scholars and leaders Several notable Muslim religious leaders and scholars are based in the UK, including:.

Allama, Leader of. of and. of. OBE, EU Ambassador of Intercultural Dialogue. Imam of., Chief Imam of., secretary of., of., principal of., imam and politician., Dean of and Director of Studies at., fifth of the Ahmadiyya Muslim CommunityPolitics.

.is the second largest religion in the, with results from the giving the UK population in 2011 as 2,516,000, 4.4% of the total population. The vast majority of Muslims in the United Kingdom live in: 2,660,116 (5.02% of the population).

London Central Mosque in this undated file photo. (Photo: Reuters) An international think tank warned in a report that multiculturalism is feeding radical Islam in the U.K., pointing out that in the past couple of decades close to 500 Christian churches have closed in London alone while 423 mosques were built.

76,737 Muslims live in (1.45%), 45,950 in (1.50%). London has the greatest population of Muslims in the country. The majority of Muslims in United Kingdom adhere to, while smaller numbers are associated with.During the, there was some general cultural exchange between and the, however, there were no Muslims in the (a few did convert in the East, such as ).

During the contacts became more explicit as the made alliances against Catholic, including with and the. As the grew, particularly in, Britain came to rule territories with many Muslim inhabitants; some of these, known as the are known to have settled in Britain from the mid-18th century onwards.

In the 19th century, Victorian spurred an interest in Islam and some British people, including aristocrats, converted., an English writer and novelist, and a convert to Islam, provided the first complete English language translation of the by a British-born Muslim, in 1930.Under the, a significant number of Muslims fought for the United Kingdom during the and the (a were awarded the, Britain\'s highest honour). In the decades following the latter conflict and the in 1947, many Muslims (from what is today, and ) settled in Britain itself. To this day British Asians constitute the majority of Muslims in Britain in terms of ethnicity, although there are significant, and communities, as well as up to 100,000 native British converts (i.e., and people). Islam is the fastest growing religion in the United Kingdom and its adherents have the lowest average age out of all the major religious groups. Between 2001 and 2009, the Muslim population increased almost 10 times faster than the non-Muslim population.

Main articles: andThe earliest evidence of Islamic influence in England dates to the 8th century, when, the king of, minted a coin with an Islamic inscription, largely a copy of coins issued by a contemporary Muslim ruler,. In the 16th century, Muslims from, the and were present in, working in a range of roles, from diplomats and translators to merchants and musicians. See for more information on Muslims in England prior to the United Kingdom\'s founding in 1707.Interactions under British Empire. Of the,.(now and ), an affluent province of with a Muslim majority and Hindu minority, was conquered by the British at the in 1757. The wealth of Bengal directly contributed to the in Britain, with the capital amassed from Bengal used to invest in British industries such as and greatly increase British wealth.

With the establishment of, the ruled over a large Muslim population.In South Asia, specifically, the British ruled over one of the largest Muslim populations in the world. Upon coming into contact with such a population, the British Empire forged a uniquely Muslim identity for the local believers. This was, in part, due to the way the British periodized South Asian history into an “ancient” Hindu one and a Muslim “medieval”one.

Under the system, the British period was classified as “modern.” Debate rages on concerning the utility and legitimacy of these labels themselves. Problems with these labels range from the connotations coupled with the word ‘medieval’ to the implications related to equating colonization and modernization. The term medieval itself is quite controversial. Historians writing in journals relating to the time period have asked whether the term is a “tyrannous construct” or an “alien conceptual hegemony.” This is because the label was originally developed during the study of European history to mark the period in between the fall of the Roman Empire and the fall of Constantinople.Such classifications done by the British throughout their long rule paved the way for a more cohesive Muslim identity. In the eighteenth century, this seemed unlikely.

Muslims who hailed from Afghan, Turk, Persian, or Arab roots did not find their Muslim identities especially salient. Mughal courts divided not into Hindu or Muslim factions but Persian and Turkish ones. Converts to the religion outside of courtly life, the majority of the Muslim population in the Subcontinent, too were more focused on their regional and lingual cultural identities-whether that be Bengali, Punjabi, Sindhi, or, Gujarati.The first group of Muslims to come to the UK in significant numbers, in the 18th century, were (sailors) recruited from the, largely from the Bengal region, to work for the East India Company on British ships, some of whom settled down and took local wives. Due to the majority being lascars, the earliest Muslim communities were found in port towns. Naval cooks also came, many of them from the of the in (now in Bangladesh). One of the most famous early Asian immigrants to England was the entrepreneur, a captain of the East India Company who in 1810 founded London\'s first, the.Between 1803 and 1813, there were more than 10,000 lascars from the Indian subcontinent visiting British port cities and towns. By 1842, 3,000 lascars visited the UK annually, and by 1855, 12,000 lascars were arriving annually in British ports.

In 1873, 3,271 lascars arrived in Britain. Throughout the early 19th century lascars visited Britain at a rate of 1,000 every year, which increased to a rate of 10,000 to 12,000 every year throughout the late 19th century. A prominent English convert of the 18th century was, who became a Muslim in 1862. Although not a convert himself, the Victorian Age adventurer, Sir visited Mecca in disguise, documented in. At the beginning of, there were 51,616 South Asian lascars working on British ships, the majority of whom were of descent. In 1932, the survey of \'all Indians outside India\' (which included modern and Bangladeshi territories) estimated that there were 7,128 Indians living in the United Kingdom.By 1911, the British Empire had a Muslim population of 94 million, larger than the empire\'s 58 million Christian population. By the 1920s, the British Empire included roughly half of the world\'s Muslim population.

More than 400,000 Muslim soldiers of the fought for Britain during, where 62,060 were killed in action. Muslim soldiers of the British Indian Army later fought for Britain against the in, where Muslim soldiers accounted for up to 40% of the 2.5 million troops serving the British Indian Army., from 1916 to 1922, stated: \'we are the greatest power in the world and one-fourth of the population of the British Empire is Mahomedan. There have been no more loyal adherents to the throne and no more effective and loyal supporters of the Empire in its hour of trial.\'

This statement was later reiterated by in 1920. Also stated in 1942: \'We must not on any account break with the Moslems, who represent a hundred million people, and the main army elements on which we must rely for the immediate fighting\'. Authored an English language translation of the Qur\'an in 1930.The in was the first purpose-built mosque, built in 1889. In the same year installed a mosque in a terrace in, which became the.

The first mosque in London was the established in 1924, commonly called the London mosque.Quran translators and, who authored: An Explanatory Translation in 1930, were both trustees of the in and the.Other aristocratic British converts included, and (the first Muslim woman born in Britain to perform the pilgrimage to ).Immigration and post-World War II Muslim to Britain began after, as a result of the destruction and labour shortages caused by the war. Muslim migrants from former British colonies, predominantly, and Bangladesh, were recruited in large numbers by government and businesses to rebuild the country. Large numbers of doctors recruited from India and Pakistan, encouraged by health minister in the early 1960s, also played a key role in the establishment of the health service.Muslims faced discrimination and racism following Enoch Powell\'s and the establishment of the in the late 1960s. This included overt racism in the form of, predominantly from, the National Front, and the, throughout the 1970s and 1980s. Drawing inspiration from the, the movement, and the movement, young and activists began a number of Asian youth movements in the 1970s and 1980s, including the Bradford Youth Movement in 1977, the Bangladeshi Youth Movement following the murder of in 1978, and the following the murder of Akhtar Ali Baig in 1980.The majority of Mosques founded after the Second World War in Britain are reflective of the major strands of Sunni Islam predominating in the Indian Subcontinent; namely and (the latter of which is more -orientated). There are also a smaller number of Sunni Mosques which are in orientation, inspired by and, are representative of the Arab mainstream or are associated with the UK Turkish Islamic Trust. In addition to this there are Mosques.

The founded by (born Ian Dallas) in 1968 is a branch of the Sufi - which was ran out of in the., an English Muslim scholar, published a significant biography of the Prophet Muhammad in 1983 entitled. The publication of \'s novel in 1988 caused. A number of Muslims in Britain condemned the book for. On 2 December 1988, the book was at a demonstration in attended by 7,000 Muslims, followed by a similar demonstration and book-burning in on 14 January 1989. The growing number of Muslims resulted in the establishment of more than 1,500 mosques by 2007. Demographics Muslim population of England and WalesYearPop.±%196150,0,000+352.0%1981553,000+144.7%1991950,000+71.8%20011,600,000+68.4%20112,706,066+69.1%20173,372,996+24.6% The Muslim population of England and Wales has grown consistently since World War II. Sophie Gilliat-Ray attributes the recent growth to \'recent immigration, the growing birth rate, some conversion to Islam\'.

Census YearNumberof MuslimsPopulation ofEngland and WalesMuslim(% of population)RegisteredmosquesMuslimsper mosque16,196,0000.11226,00049,152,0000.99,634,0001.191,099,0001.80011,600,00052,042,0003.00112,706,00056,076,0004.831,50 (estimation)3,373,000–5.17––. The was one of the first in Britain to be allowed to use loudspeakers to broadcast the.Initial limited mosque availability meant that prayers were conducted in small rooms of until the 1980s when more and larger facilities became available. Some synagogues and community buildings were turned into mosques and existing mosques began to expand their buildings. This process has continued down to the present day with the recently expanding into a large former where the London Muslim Centre is now used for prayers, recreational facilities and housing.

Most people regard themselves as part of the, and their identity is based on their religion rather than their. Aspects of a \'Bengali Islam\' are seen as superstition and as un-Islamic.The 2001 census recorded that there were 179,733 Muslims who described themselves as \'white\'. 65% of white Muslims described themselves as \'other white\', and would likely have originated from locations such as, the region of in,. The remainder of white Muslims are converts and mostly identified themselves as White British and White Irish.Islam is the third-largest religious group of British Indian people, after. 8% of UK Muslims are of Indian descentprincipally those whose origins are in,.

Gujarati Muslims from the and districts started to arrive from the 1940s when India was under, settling in the towns of and in Yorkshire and in parts of Lancashire.South Asian Pakistanis. See also:The single largest group of Muslims in the United Kingdom are of. Pakistanis from were one of the first Muslim communities to permanently settle in the United Kingdom, arriving in and in the late 1940s. Immigration from Mirpur grew from the late 1950s, accompanied by immigration from other parts of Pakistan especially from, particularly from the surrounding villages of, and, in addition to from the north-west Punjab including the from, and some from villages of,. There is also a fairly large Punjabi community from East Africa found in London.

People of Pakistani extraction are particularly notable in , , (, and ), /, / and several industrial towns such as, and.Bangladeshis. The British Bangladeshi community in LondonPeople of are the second largest Muslim community (after Pakistanis), 15% of Muslims in England and Wales are of descent, one of the ethnic groups in the UK with the largest proportion of people following a single religion, being 92%.The majority of these Muslims come from the of, mainly concentrated in ( and ),.

The Bangladeshi Muslim community in London forms 24% of the Muslim population, larger than any other ethnic group. Other smaller Bangladeshi Muslim communities are present in, and.There are groups which are active throughout Bangladeshi communities such as The Young Muslim Organisation. It is connected to the, associated with the and the – all of which have connections with the Bangladeshi political party, the. Other groups also attract a few people, the – which calls for the (caliphate) and influences by publishing annual magazines, and lectures through mainly political concepts, and the other which is a movement within is the – who view the teachings of the first generations as the correct one, and appeals to younger Muslims as a way to differentiate themselves towards their elders. Other large groups include another Sunni movement, the – mainly of a Fultoli movement (led by Abdul Latif Chowdhury in Bangladesh), and the – which is a and revival movement, and avoids political attention. All these groups work to stimulate Islamic identity among local Bengalis or Muslims and particularly focus on the younger members of the communities., which is where majority of the British Bangladeshi community hail from, is considered the Spiritual capital of Bangladesh., also known as, arrived to Sylhet with many of his disciples from Yemen to spread Islam to Sylhet and then to the rest of present-day Bangladesh. Shah Jalal was responsible for the against Raja Gour Govinda and hence, many Sylhetis now follow Islam.

Shrines for many of these \'Hazrats\', or Saints, are spread throughout Sylhet. Another famous saint is, who was very close to Shah Jalal. Many mosques opened by the British Bangladeshi community are often named after these Saints. The British Bangladeshi community has held a strong point in Islam, often opening mosques, one of them being the and, as well as opening madrassas, Islamic TV Shows on TV Channels, such as, Quran Contests and Islamic Trivia shows, etc.Gujaratis There are large numbers of Gujarati Muslims in, (including ), and (, and ). Middle Eastern Turks.

In, London.The represent a unique community in the country because they have emigrated not only from the but also from other former regions; in fact, the majority of British Turks are who migrated from the island of from the British colonial period onwards. Turks have also migrated from Arabic-speaking countries (such as, and ) as well as the (including, and ). A report published by the in 2011 claimed that there was 500,000 British Turks, made up of approximately 150,000 Turkish nationals, 300,000, and the remainder from other countries.The first began to migrate to the United Kingdom in 1917. At the time, the had already annexed Cyprus and the residents of Cyprus became subjects of the Crown. Migration continued through the 1920s; during the, the number of Turkish run cafes increased from 20 in 1939 to 200 in 1945 - creating a demand for more Turkish Cypriot workers.

However, due to the, many Turkish Cypriots began to leave the island for political reasons in the 1950s, with the numbers increasing significantly after the. With the subsequent division of the island in 1974 (followed by the declaration of the in 1983) an economic by the Greek Cypriot controlled Republic of Cyprus, caused a further 130,000 Turkish Cypriots to leave the Island for the United Kingdom. In, London.Migrant workers from the began to arrive in large numbers in the 1970s, followed by their family members in the late 1970s and 1980s.

Many of these workers were recruited by Turkish Cypriots who had already established businesses such as restaurants. These workers were required to renew their work permits every year until they became residents after living in the country for five years. By the 1980s, intellectuals, including students, and highly educated professionals arrived in the country, most of which received support from the Turkish Cypriot community. Mainland Turks settled in similar areas of London in which the Turkish Cypriots lived in; however, many have also moved to the outer districts, such as.Turkish-speaking Muslims have also come to Britain from other parts of the former. From Arabic-speaking countries, there are several thousand in, In addition, according to a publication by the, the form one of \'the three main ethnicities\' within the community. According to the Home Affairs Committee report, from the, there is an increasing number of and.In recent years, there has been a growing number of ethnic Turks from the, particular Turks with (i.e. ) or the (i.e.

) citizenship who have also immigrated to Britain in accordance with the freedom of movement under EU law.Academic sources suggest that 50 to 70 percent of people from Turkey are Turkish Kurds. Furthermore, in recent years, there has been a growing number of ethnic Turks with German, or Dutch citizenship immigrating to Britain.The Turkish community have established several mosques in the country. The first was, established by the Turkish Cypriot community in 1977. There are numerous other Turkish Mosques in, mainly in Hackney, including the.

Notable Turkish mosques outside London include Selimiye Mosque in, Hamidiye Mosque in, and Osmaniye Mosque in.Turks from the same districts from their homeland tend to congregate in the same quarters in the UK. The majority live in capital city of, particularly in,. Outside London there are smaller Turkish communities in, and the.Kurds. See also:Aside from North African Arabs, often referred to as (mentioned below), people of Arab origin in Britain are the descendants of Arab immigrants to Britain from a variety of Arab states, including,. Most British Arabs are Sunni Muslim, although some – such as those of Iraqi and Lebanese origin – are Shi\'ite.

A smaller number belong to one of the denominations, such as and or Arabs from the. The main Arab Muslim communities in the UK live in the Greater London area, with smaller numbers living in,. There are also sizable and very long-established communities of Muslim in among other places and the area near.The recorded 32,236 Iraqi-born residents, and the estimates that, as of 2009, this figure had risen to around 65,000. According to estimates by the Iraqi embassy, the Iraqi population in the UK is around 350,000–450,000.

African Maghrebis North African both & from the (English: western) Although data is scarce, Maghrebis make up a substantial community in Europe and the United Kingdom. Britain has far fewer of Maghrebis than France, The Netherlands or Spain, where the majority of Muslims are Maghrebi. Nigerians. Somali women at a Somali community gathering event in LondonThe United Kingdom, with 43,532 in 2001, and an estimated 101,000 in 2008, is home to the largest community in. A 2009 estimate by Somali community organisations puts the Somali population figure at 90,000 residents. The first Somali immigrants were seamen and traders who arrived in small numbers in port cities in the late 19th century, although most Somalis in the UK are recent arrivals.

Further more Somali European such as from Holland or Denmark have been emigrating in recent years. Established Somali communities are found in, and, and newer ones have formed in,. Branches. 11.6%An August 2017 survey by the foundation found that among British Muslims, 75% were Sunni and 8% were Shia.A September 2017 survey by the Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR) found that among British Muslims, 77% were Sunni, 5% were Shia, 1% were Ahmadiyya, and 4% were members of other denominations.

14% of British Muslims said they didn\'t know or refused to answer the survey.The denominational or theme breakdown of mosques in the UK in 2017 with a sum total of more than 5% were as follows: 41.2% Deobandi, 23.7% Barelvi, 9.4% Salafi, 5.9% Shia (Twelver, Bohra, Ismaili), 7.4%. Sunni In 2015, stated that were 2.3 million Sunnis in the UK.Among British Sunnis in 2017, 66.7% were just non-denominational Sunni, 5.9% were Barelvi, 5.0% were Salafis, 4.1% were Deobandi, and 18.3% adhered to another Sunni Islam denomination.The majority of British mosques are, including,. In 2010 the affiliation of the mosques was: 44.6%, 28.2% and other, 5.8%, 2.8% -inspired; of the remainder many were part of other Sunni traditions or unaffiliated, while 4.2% were (4%).

The majority of mosque managers are of and origin, with many, and fewer, and managed entities. Shia In 2015, stated that were 400,000 Shias in the UK.Shia mosques are usually but also cater for and the 50,000-strong community; they usually include facilities for women.

Various Shia mosques include the Husseini Islamic Centre in Stanmore, Harrow which acts as one of the main Shia Muslim mosques in Britain as well as Masjid-e-Ali in Luton, one of the largest Imam Bargha/community centres in the UK. Others include Al Masjid ul Husseini in Northolt, Ealing, and Imam Khoei Islamic Centre in Queens Park, Brent. Across the country Manchester, Birmingham and London have the most Shia residents.Ahmadiyya. Main article:The Muslim Community (AMC) established itself in the UK in 1912 and is thus the longest standing Muslim community in the UK. The UK and worldwide headquarters of the AMC are currently situated on the grounds of \'The London Mosque\' (Masjid Fazl), London\'s first Mosque (1926), in the Southfields area of South-West London. The AMC also has the largest Muslim youth organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Youth Association (Majlis Khuddamul Ahmadiyya) in the UK (membership of 7,500) and the largest Muslim women\'s organisation, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Women\'s Association (Lajna Imaila), in the UK (membership of 10,000).

Associations., the oldest organisation of British Muslims, created in 1889 as the English Islamic Association by.Position in society Poverty and wealth According to analysis based on the 2011 census, Muslims in the United Kingdom face poor standards of housing, poorer levels of education and are more vulnerable to long-term illness, and that Muslims in the UK had the highest rate of unemployment, the poorest health, the most disability and fewest educational qualifications among religious groups. The figures were, to some extent, explained by the fact that Muslims were the least well-established group, having the youngest age profile.Conversely, it was estimated in 2008 that there were approximately 10,000 Muslim millionaires in the UK. There are 13,400 Muslim-owned businesses in London, creating more than 70,000 jobs and representing just over 33 per cent of Small to Medium Enterprises in London. Law and order The proportion of Muslims in the UK prison population rose from 8% in 2002 to 15% in 2016. A 2010 report by the stated that 30% of the Muslim prisoners interviewed had converted to while in prison, some of whom were \'convenience Muslims\' who adopted the religion in order to get benefits available only to Muslims. Education In 2011, 24.0 per cent of British Muslims had degree level qualifications, compared to 27.2 per cent of the population as a whole.

25.6 per cent of Muslims had no qualifications, compared to the national average of 22.7 per cent.In 2006, it was found that approximately 53% of British Muslim youth chose to attend university. This was higher than the figure for Christians (45%) and the non-religious (32%) but lower than for (77%) and (63%).There are around 140 Muslim in the UK, twelve of them being state-funded. In 2008, 86.5% of pupils attending Muslim schools achieved five, compared to a figure of 72.8% of schools and 64.5% of secular schools.In 2016, in was ranked first in the Government\'s new Progress 8 league table, with coming in second place. Some Islamic schools have been accused of promoting extremist versions of Islam.In 2018,the brought its first prosecution in England & Wales against an unregistered school, the Islamic Al-Istiqamah Learning Centre in, London where nearly 60 children aged 5–11 were being taught. Head teacher Beatrix Bernhardt and director Nacerdine Talbi were convicted as running a school not registered with the violates the. They received fines and a. Islamic scholars and leaders Several notable Muslim religious leaders and scholars are based in the UK, including:.

Allama, Leader of. of and. of. OBE, EU Ambassador of Intercultural Dialogue. Imam of., Chief Imam of., secretary of., of., principal of., imam and politician., Dean of and Director of Studies at., fifth of the Ahmadiyya Muslim CommunityPolitics.